20世纪30年代“毕业即失业”与政府应对措施述评

On the Problem of "Graduation Means Unemployment" in the 1930s' and the Government's Response

"毕业即失业"是20世纪30年代民国大学生不得不面对的问题,高校毕业生发起职业运动呼吁政府解决。虽然民国政府采取了积极的应对措施,取得一定成效,但无论是1934年成立的全国学术人员工作咨询处和各高校设立的职业介绍所,还是1936年开办的专科以上学校毕业生就业训导班都未能从根本上解决高校毕业生失业问题。高校毕业生就业难的现实动摇了人们对高等教育的信念,读书无用论的寒流泛起。

＂Graduation means unemployment＂ was the problem that the college students of the Republic of China had to face in the 1930s＇.The college graduates launched Professional Movement and called on the government to solve the problem.Although the government of the Republic of China had taken positive response and achieved some success,neither the National Advisory Department of Academic Staff and the employment agencies established by the colleges in 1934,nor the employment discipline classes for college graduates in 1936 could solve the problem of unemployment fundamentally.Hard reality of employment of college graduates had shaken people＇s belief in higher education,and the view of ＂uselessness of reading＂ appeared.