青甘宁三省区定点洪水调查方法研究

Method of Fixed-point Flood Investigation for Qinghai Gansu and Ningxia

洪水调查资料是科学地认识洪水发生的自然规律,正确地进行洪水计算,分析地区水文特性,进行水利、水电和其他国民经济建设不可缺少的基本资料。原甘肃省水文总站1976年就创造性提出定点洪水调查并于实施,青海省、宁夏回族自治区水文部门也先后实施定点洪水调查工作。通过对三省区定点洪水调查原始资料搜集、整理汇总、合理性分析、成果汇编,建立了一整套科学、实用的洪水调查理论方法和质量控制体系;提出了系统、权威的三省区河段定点调查洪水资料汇编成果。结果表明:定点洪水调查为弥补西部干旱地区水文站网不足,发挥了不可替代的作用。在经济欠发达的西部省(区)收集水文资料,是一个很好的途径,具有投资小、收集资料面广、机动灵活性强等特点,具有广泛的推广价值;定点洪水调查能够获取中小河流河段年最大洪峰流量,并能形成一定的资料系列长度,为涉水工程设计、工程安全复核、防洪管理及工程调度提供基础依据,具有广泛的应用价值。

Data of flood investigation are important for scientifically understanding natural law of flood occurrence, correctly making flood calculation, and analyzing the hydrological characteristics. By collecting original data from the fixed-point flood investigations in the three procinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia, and statistically analyzing the results, we found a scientific method of flood investigation and system of quality controlling, put forward systematic and authoritative data collecting results of fixed-point flood investigation in the three regions. The results show that fixed-point flood investigation play an important role in supplying hydrolog- ical station network of arid area in the west with the characteristics of small investment and collecting data widely; fixed-point flood investigation can obtain annual maximum flow of the middle and small river reaches, form a series of data, and provide the basic data for water project designing, project safe checking, flood control management.