震后土壤有效氮、磷、钾空间分布特征——以彭州市新黄村为例

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Available Nitrogen,Available Phosphorus and Available Potassium after Earthquake:Taking New Huang Village of Pengzhou City as An Example

运用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学相结合的方法研究了彭州市新黄村震后土壤碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的空间分布特征。结果表明,该区土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量分别为(126.19±67.89)mg/kg、(37.18±17.18)mg/kg、(165.69±79.80)mg/kg;导致碱解氮空间变异的因素以随机性因素为主,而有效磷和速效钾为随机性因素和结构性因素共同影响的结果,但影响程度有所差异。基于ArcGIS 9.2平台的克里格插值分析结果显示,该区碱解氮含量总体上呈现由北向南逐渐增加的趋势,且呈条带状分布,高值区(>165 mg/kg)主要分布在该区的中部和南部,低值区(<90 mg/kg)零星分布在研究区域内;有效磷含量在总体上呈现以低值区为中心向四周环状递增趋势,且呈两端高中间低的斑块状分布,高值区(>44 mg/kg)主要分布在北部山坡林地的中部,低值区(<20 mg/kg)主要分布在低山丘陵与平坝的过渡地带;速效钾含量总体上呈斑块状分布,且呈现两端高中间低,西面高东面低的分布特征,以北部山坡林地和西南平坝一角的高值区(>220 mg/kg)为中心,分别向南部和东部呈带状递减,并在低山丘陵区东部的旱地以及丘陵向平坝过渡的东部边缘区出现相对低值(<110 mg/kg)分布。显著性检验结果表明,震后压实对土壤速效养分有显著或极显著影响,且水田明显于旱地;不同土地利用方式对土壤速效养分含量也有显著影响。

The spatial variability characteristics of soil available nitrogen（AN）, available phosphorns（AP） and available potas-sium （AK） in new huang village in Pengzhou after earthquake were analyzed using geostatistics and GIS. The results showed that the contents of AN, AP and AK were 126.19±67.89 mg/kg, 37.18±17.18 mg/kg and 155.69±79.80 mg/kg respectively. Factors causing spatial variability of AN were mainly random factors, which of AP and AK were random factors and structural factors jointly. Kriging analysis based on ArcGIS 9.2 showed that AN in the area generally showed a gradual increasing trend from north to south, and showed the strip distribution, and whose high-value areas （〉165 mg/kg） distributed mainly in the central and southern, low-value areas （〈90 mg/kg） scattered in the studied area; AP presented increasing trend with low value area centered in general, and end of the studied areas were high, and high-value areas （〉44 mg/kg） were mainly dis- tributed in the central part of the northern slopes of woodland, and low-value areas （〈20 mg/kg） were mainly distributed in transitional zone from hilly to plaim; AK were generally patchy distribution, and presented high end and low intermediate or west high and east low, and reduced strip to the south and the east respectively with northern woodland and southwestern slopes as high value center（〉220 mg/kg）. Significance test results showed that the post＇earthquake compaction had notable or significant influence on soil available nutrients, and the influence of paddy field was more obvious than that of dry land; and different land use patterns also had notable influence on soil available nutrients.