强优势杂交韭菜选配规律分析

Analysis on Selection Method of Hybrid Allium tuberosum with Strong Heterosis

试验选用9个性状差异较大的品种(系)组配成72个杂交组合,对这些组合的株高、鞘粗、叶片数、单株重4个性状进行了杂种优势研究。把单株重超高亲优势的9个组合做进一步分析,发现株高与鞘粗这2个性状的超高亲优势是影响单株重超高亲优势的主要因素。株高和单株重属于细胞质遗传,而鞘粗和叶片数则属于细胞核遗传。在配制强优势杂交组合时,应以株高和单株重较好的亲本为母本,而以鞘粗和叶片数较好的亲本为父本。

9 different AUium tuberosum Rottler.ex Spreng. varieties were selected and 72 hybrids were gained from nine- dilled crosses. 4 characters including plant height, sheath thickness, leaf number and plant weight of these 72 hybrid combi- nations were adopted for heterosis study. 9 hybrid combinations having heterosis over high-parent in plant weight were select- ed for analysis. The results showed that the heterosis over high-parent in plant height and sheath thickness were the main 2 factors affecting the heterosis over high-parent of plant weight. Plant height and plant weight were cytoplasmic inheritant, while sheath thickness and leaf number were karyon inheritant. Strong heterosis hybrids could be easily obtained if use female parent with better plant height and plant weight, along with male parent with better sheath thickness and leaf number.