当代森林病理学的特征

Characterization of Contemporary Forest Pathology

森林病理学是一门应用植物病理学的基本概念、原理和方法,研究森林植物病害的发生机制与防控技术的自然科学。作为一门独立的学科始建于19世纪80年代前后,随后的100多年来,森林病理学已形成完整的学科体系。受当代生命学科整体飞速发展的推动和人类社会全球一体化战略背景的影响,当代森林病理学被赋予更丰富的内涵。森林病理学的研究目标兼顾国家经济利益和国家生态安全,具体研究对象包括寡元单纯系统、多元单纯系统和多元复杂系统,研究尺度跨越基因、细胞、组织、个体、种群、群落、生态系统到景观的各个尺度并展开在气候变化背景下的全球一体化研究,研究方法则更加侧重多学科的交叉技术体系,防控策略也不断呈现出新的主题和与自然的和谐统一。概括森林病理学经过100多年来的发展,在当今世界各国的研究现状和特征,为促进森林病理学与生命科学领域其他学科更加紧密地结合,推动森林病理学的发展提供借鉴。

Forest pathology is a discipline of studying the development mechanism and management techniques of forest diseases, by utilizing the basic concepts, principles and methods of phytopathology. Forest pathology was established in around 1880s＇ as an independent discipline, and since then the disoipline, as an integrated science system, has been built up in last over 100 years. The connotation of the discipline is greatly enriched with the development of life sciences and globalization in human society in contemporary age. This paper intends to review and generalize the research advances and characterization of forest pathology in contemporary era around the world from the viewpoints of research aims （ national economical and ecological benefits）, objects （from few-factors and simple pathways involved systems to complex factors and muhiple pathways involved systems）, scales （from gene to landscape and to globalization）, methodology （more emphasized on interdisciplinary technology） and management strategies （tendency to be harmony with the laws of nature）. The purpose of this paper is to make forest pathology and other disciplines in life sciences more closely jointed together and exhibit insight for development of science of forest pathology.