丙三醇为联接基的新型表面活性剂的合成及表征

Preparation and Properties of New Glycerol-Based Surfactants

采用丙三醇三缩水甘油醚、长链醇和1,3-丙烷磺内酯为原料合成一系列新型三聚阴离子表面活性剂,该分子结构中含有6个抗盐性能优良的醚键和3个抗温性优良的磺酸根基团。采用红外光谱、元素分析法、质谱及差示扫描量热法对合成的表面活性剂进行结构表征和耐温实验。测试了25℃下,疏水链碳数为12的该类表面活性剂临界胶束浓度低至6.67×10-5 mol/L,对应的表面张力为25.78mN/m。实验结果表明,该类表面活性剂的表面活性优于相应碳链的常规表面活性剂;并且疏水链长度的增大,有利于表面活性的提高。

A series of trimeric anionic surfactants were synthesized from triglycidyl ether of glycerol,long chain alcohols and 1,3-propane sultone.The molecular structure contains six ether bonds with excellent salt tolerance and three sulfonic groups with good temperature resistance.The structures and properties of the surfactants were studied by infrared spectroscopy,elementary analysis and mass spectrometry,as well as DSC method.The critical micelle concentration of these surfactants which the carbon number of hydrophobic chain is twelve was as low as 6.67×10-5 mol/L and the surface tension was 25.78 mN/m（t=25 ℃）.The results show that their surface activity are more excellent than the corresponding conventional surfactants,and the surface activity is increased as the length of the hydrophobic chain increased.