新城疫病毒在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

Progress on Newcastle Disease Virus in Tumor Therapy

新城疫病毒(NDV)是一种新兴的肿瘤生物治疗因子,反向遗传学操作技术的成熟使其在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究越来越深入。NDV能够通过其直接的溶瘤作用杀死肿瘤细胞,也可通过感染自体肿瘤细胞制成疫苗对患者进行主动特异性免疫治疗。但直接溶瘤效应会对患者产生一定的负面影响,自体肿瘤疫苗的免疫治疗也不能彻底杀死肿瘤细胞。目前,以NDV为复制型病毒载体的肿瘤基因治疗已成为该病毒肿瘤生物治疗的研究热点,这种基因治疗方法被认为是人类征服癌症的潜在手段。论文综述了NDV在肿瘤治疗中的研究与应用,对其溶瘤及抗肿瘤免疫学机制进行了分析,并对NDV作为载体的肿瘤基因治疗前景进行展望。

Newcastle disease virus （NDV） is a new tumor biological treatment factor, and it has been in- creasingly applieated in oncotherapy with the development of reverse genetics operation technology. NDV kills tumor cells directly by its oncolytic functions; it also was used in active specific immune therapy by NDV-modified autologous tumor vaccine. Killing tumor cells directly cause negative effect to physical health, immune therapy by autologous tumor vaccine can＇t kill tumor cells thoroughly. At present, gene therapy with NDV as vector has become hot research areas in tumor biotherapy, gene therapy way is also thought to be potential effective means to conquer cancer. The paper reviewed the research and application of NDV in cancer therapy, elucidated the mechanisms of NDV as oncolytic virus and as NDV-modified au- tologous tumor vaccine, and finally prospected its application in cancer gene therapy as a vector.