新疆乌鲁木齐市高新区艾滋病患者的心理救助与社会支持现状分析

Analysis for psychological assistance and social support of the AIDS patients in High-tech Zone of Urumqi in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市高新区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的心理救助和社会支持现状,为建立社区综合关怀支持模式与改善HIV感染者、艾滋病患者的心理状况提供客观依据。方法根据3个层次的对象分别拟定访谈提纲,采用现场调查和面对面交流、沟通等方法,了解艾滋病患者所面临的心理状况及困境。结果 (1)187例调查对象中心理压力过大者95例(50.80%);存在焦虑、抑郁者121例(64.71%);担心遭人歧视者92例(49.20%)。(2)感染结核病者26例,2例出现肿瘤。(3)29例(15.51%)丧失劳动能力;158例(84.49%)尚有劳动能力,因病失业者13例(占6.95%);在外打工者占29.95%;无业者占19.79%;在家务农者占32.62%,而务农人员中的27.89%曾在外打工,因病被迫返乡务农。(4)27个相关单位、10个村级帮扶组织社区救助具体做法包括对HIV感染者与患者进行最低生活保障(低保),给予经济困难的艾滋病患者必要的医疗救助,通过不同途径将感染者和患者纳入到农村合作医疗范畴;学龄儿童义务教育阶段实施"两免一补"政策;为感染者/患者进行免费体检、机会性感染治疗和领发抗病毒治疗药品,并为其报销车费、住宿费、生活费。结论艾滋病患者社会现状影响因素中心理压力占主导地位,其次为就业和经济状况,应营造一个关心、友善、避免歧视的社区环境。

Objective To understand the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection,psychological assistance and social support,and to provide an objective basis for the establishment of integrated community care and support mode and improve the HIV infector,AIDS patients with psychological conditions in High-tech Zone of Urumqi,Xinjiang.Methods Prepared interview outline the object based on three levels,respectively,using the methods of site investigation and face-to-face communication,understood the psychological situation and the plight faced by AIDS patients.Results（1） 187 cases were surveyed,the psychological pressure was too large to 95 cases（50.80%）;121 cases（64.71%） existed anxiety,depression,there were 92 cases（49.20%） worried about being discrimination.（2） 26 cases were infected with TB,2 cases had tumor.（3） 29 cases（15.51%） lose the ability of work;158 cases（84.49%） still had the ability to work,13 cases（6.95%） were unemployed due to illness;patients working away from home accounted for 29.95%;unemployed accounted for 19.79%;home farming accounted for 32.62%,27.89% of the farming staff had working outside,forced to return home due to illness farming.（4） The helping organize community rescue specific practices of 27 units,10 villages including the minimum living guarantee（guaranteeing） HIV-infected patients,AIDS patients with the necessary medical assistance given the economic difficulties through different pattern infection and patients into the rural cooperative medical care areas;school-age children of compulsory education phase of the implementation of the ＇two exemptions and one subsidy＇ policy;infected persons /AIDS patients had free medical examination,treatment of opportunistic infections,territorial anti-viral treatment drugs,and reimbursement of their car fees,accommodation and living expenses.Conclusion Psychological pressure on the dominant factors of the social situation of AIDS patients,followed by employment and economic status,should be to create a caring,friendly,to avoid discrimination in the community environment.