双活瓣延长技术在复杂动脉转位术中的应用

Application of Double Flap Extension Technique in Complicated Arterial Switch Operation

目的总结在动脉转位术(arterial switch operation,ASO)中采用双活瓣延长技术做冠状动脉移植治疗完全型大动脉转位(D-transposition of the great arteries,D-TGA)和Taussig-Bing畸形的临床经验,探讨该技术的手术方法和手术适应证。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2011年6月上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心21例合并复杂冠状动脉畸形的D-TGA、L-TGA或Taussig-Bing患者[男13例,女8例;年龄(110.0±84.5)d;体重(5.4±4.2)kg]行ASO治疗,术中采用双活瓣延长技术做冠状动脉移植的临床资料。所有患者均为右冠状动脉主干或粗大右心室圆锥支发自主动脉左侧或右侧瓣窦,并异常前绕于主动脉根部行走。双活瓣延长技术包括:从主动脉剪取较长的冠状动脉纽片做为活瓣;剪取肺动脉(新主动脉)另一带蒂活瓣向冠状动脉纽片方向做等距离延长;活瓣与纽片的边缘互相缝合形成冠状动脉的延长管道。结果无住院死亡,术后呼吸机使用时间(101.6±53.6)h,监护时间(9.5±4.9)d。术后发生低心排血量9例,肺动脉高压危象2例,肺部感染6例,急性肾功能衰竭2例,均经相应的治疗治愈出院。11例患者术后延迟关胸。随访17例,随访时间2个月～5年,随访期间患者生长发育均明显改善,无缺血性心电图改变。1例肺动脉瓣上狭窄患者于ASO术后2年再次行手术修补。结论双活瓣延长技术做冠状动脉移植在复杂ASO中能有效减少因冠状动脉畸形导致的手术死亡,尤其适合于二期ASO以及右冠状动脉主干或粗大圆锥支发自左侧或右侧瓣窦,并沿主动脉异常前绕的患者。

Objective To summarize the clinical experience, surgical technique and indication of coronary artery implantation with double flap extension technique in arterial switch operations （ASO） in D-transposition of the great arteries （D-TGA） and Taussig-Bing anomalies. Methods From January 2006 to June 2011, 21 patients （ 13 males and 8 females; age 110.0±84. 5 d; weight 5.4±4.2 kg）with D-TGA or Taussig-Bing anomalies associated with complex coronary artery malformations underwent ASO with double flap extension technique for coronary artery implantation in Shanghai Children＇s Medical Center affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University. All the patients had a main trunk of right coronary artery or dilated right ventricular conus branch originated from the left or right aortic sinus, with abnormal course of anterior looping to the aorta. The double flap extension technique was described as followed： a long coronary button was excised as a flap from the aorta; another pedicle flap on the pulmonary artery （neoaorta） was cut to extend to the button of coronary artery with an equal distance; the side edges of the flap and the button were sutured together to form a lengthened coronary artery tube. Results No operative death occurred in hospital. The postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation was 101.6± 53.6 h. The duration of ICU stay was 9. 5±4.9 d. Postoperatively, low cardiac output syndrome occurred in 9 cases, pulmonary hypertension crisis in 2 cases, pneumonia in 6 cases, and acute kidney failure in 2 cases. Eleven patients underwent delayed sternum closure. All the patients were discharged after proper treatment. Follow-up was complete in 17 cases. The duration of follow-up was 2 months to 5 years. Growth and development were significantly improved in all the patients during follow-up. No patient had ischemic ECG changes. One patient underwent reoperation for supravalvular pulmonary stenosis 2 years after ASO. Conclusion Double flap extension technique for coronary implantation in complicated ASO can significantly decrease postoperative death due to coronary artery malformations, especially for patients who have two-stage ASO and patients whose main trunk of right coronary artery or dilated right ventricular conus branch originates from the left or right aortic sinus with abnormal course of anterior looping to the aorta.