科学管道效应的影响因子与理论解释

Science Pipeline Effect:Impact Factors and Theoretical Interpretations

在科学界,对科学女性不公正的性别认知与对待,甚至职业上的隐性歧视,导致科学管道漏水,女性徘徊在科学边缘。科学具有男性气质的科学文化氛围使科学女性长期滞留于科学金字塔的底层,科学共同体中的优势累积与协作流动使科学女性群体处于劣势境况,同行评议过程中渗入的主观评定因素对科学女性产生微妙而又复杂的作用。对于科学管道效应,最具争议的解释是科学天赋的性别差异,最多涉及的是性别不均假设,而最为普遍的是认为婚姻与家庭因素不同程度地影响着女性的科研成就与科研成果质量。为有效削弱科学管道效应,推动女性进入科学主流,需要进一步唤醒科学女性的平等意识,加强对女性从事科学活动的文化认同与社会认同。

With female researchers as objects of study, this paper explores the impact factors of science pipeline effects, i. e. , scientific culture and organization, scientific community and peer review, and puts forward three theoretical interpretations-the theory of gender difference, inequality model assumption and effects of family and marriage, revealing that career development differences between male and female researchers derive from the unequal possession of scientific and social resources which puts female researchers in an inferior position. To enter the mainstream of science, female researchers are expected to obtain equal status through outstanding achievements.