内河航运赔偿责任限制的产生、发展和构建

The creation,development and construction of limitation of liability in inland shipping

内河航运赔偿责任限制具有悠久的历史渊源,虽然对其必要性和公平性的一直存有争议,但如今已被世界多数内河航运发达国家采纳,并初步呈现区际统一化趋势。以船舶所有权效力的扩张来确定责任主体,以损失和船舶作业直接相关划定限制性债权的范围,以不同种类的船舶分别计算不同的责任限额,是构建完善的内河航运赔偿责任限制制度的关键所在。

Limitation of liability in inland shipping has a long history, although its necessity and fairness has been debated for a long time, it has now been adopted by most of the developed inland shipping countries in the world, and presents a preliminary regional unification trends. In order to build a perfect legal system of limitation of liability in inland shipping, we shall determine the liability subject by the expansion of the effectiveness of ownership of ships, designate the scope of the restrictive debt by losses in direct connexion with the ship operation and calculate different limits of liability by different types of ships.