产犊季节、胎次及牛场对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响

The Influence of Different Calving Seasons,Parity and Cattle Farm on Reproductive Performances of Holstein Cow

[目的]研究产犊季节、胎次及不同牛场对奶牛泌乳性能的影响情况,以期为提高奶牛的泌乳性能及牛奶质量提供可靠的理论依据。[方法]收集3个千头以上奶牛场共8 872次相关信息,用多因素方差分析法分析产犊季节、胎次和牛场对泌乳天数、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量、305d蛋白产量和全泌乳期产奶量5个泌乳性能的影响进行分析。[结果]不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场都极显著影响奶牛的5项泌乳性能(P<0.01)。夏季和秋季产犊奶牛的泌乳性能较为理想。夏季产犊奶牛的泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量最高,其他三个泌乳性能都位居第二;秋季产犊奶牛的305d校正奶量、脂肪产量和蛋白产量都显著高于其他三个季节(P<0.05),泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量也仅次于夏季。头胎牛的各项泌乳性能都显著高于其他胎次的奶牛(P<0.05),其次为2胎产犊奶牛。随着胎次的增加,泌乳性能的各项指标都有不同程度的降低。除了泌乳天数之外,A牛场的各项泌乳性能都最佳,且显著高于B、C两个奶牛场(P<0.05)。[结论]在饲养条件良好的情况下,本研究中三个牛场的奶牛适宜在夏、秋两个季节产犊,此时泌乳性能较好;此外,头胎产犊奶牛的泌乳性能在各胎次中最高。

[Objective]In order to provide a reliable theoretical basis for improving reproductive per- formances and milk quality of cows, we studied the effect of calving seasons, parity and cattle farm on re- productive performances of cows. [Method]The influence of different calving seasons, parity and farm on five reproductive performances were analyzed by multiple factor variance analysis based on 8872 records from 3 dairy farms feeding more than one thousand dairy cattle. The five reproductive performances con- tains lactating days, 305 days milk yield, 305 days fat and protein yield, and the whole lactation milk yield. [Results]The effect of different calving seasons, parity and farm on milking performances of Hol- stein was highly significant （P〈0.01）. The milking performances of calving cows in summer and autumn were more ideal. Lactating days and the whole lactation milk yield of cows were the highest in summer, and the other three lactation performances were in second place. 305 days milk yield, 305 days fat and protein yield in autumn were significantly higher than the other three seasons （P〈0.05）. Lactating days and the whole lactation milk yield in autumn were only after summer. The milking performance of the first lactation cows were significantly higher than the others parities （P〈0.05）, followed by the second lactation cows. The five milking performances reduced in different degrees with the parities increased. The milking performances of cow from farm A were the best except the lactating days, and were significantly higher than farm B and farm C （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]In good breeding condition, the best calving seasons for cows of three farms in this study were summer and autumn. In addition, the reproductive performances of first child calving cows were the highest of all parities.