智顗与吉藏佛性论之思维方式比较——以“佛不断性恶”与“中道佛性”为探析焦点

Comparing Zhiyi's Way of Thinking with Jizang's on the Buddha-nature Doctrine Focus on Traces of Evil in Buddha Nature and the Middle-way Buddha Nature

智顗与吉藏同是陈、隋之际的佛学宗主。智顗向被尊为天台智者大师,吉藏则被视为三论宗祖师,二人生平背景有许多相似之处。南北朝时期,佛性论是中国佛教界普遍流行的思潮之一,随着《涅槃经》传入中国,佛性思想广受佛教界关注及讨论,成为当时重要议题。在此背景下,智顗与吉藏无可避免地亦深受当时佛性论影响。二人在相关论著中,皆非常重视佛性论,大量引用佛性概念作为义理论述发挥。由于二人佛性论牵涉甚广,前贤已多有论述,故以学界罕言之思维方式作为论题核心或可见出新意。聚焦于智顗的"佛不断性恶"与吉藏的"中道佛性",不仅可以溯源二人相关佛性思想内容,其思维方式亦可归纳出相同点(否定性、圆融性)与相异点(现实具象与超言绝象、即与离)加以比较。

Both Zhiyi and Jizang are Buddhist patriarchs in the Chen and Sui dynasties.Zhiyi is respectively called the master of the Tiantai School.Jizang is considered to be the founder of the Three Treatise School.There are many similarities in their lives.During the Northern and Southern dynasties,the Buddha-nature doctrine was one of the most popular and common currents of Chinese Buddhist thought.As the Nirvana Sutra was introduced to China,Buddha-nature thought attracted much attention and was discussed widely in Buddhist circles.In this environment,it is inevitable that the Buddha-nature thought had a great influence on Zhiyi and Jizang.Both of them placed much emphasis on the Buddha-nature doctrine in their works and made extensive use of Buddha-nature concepts in their arguments and discourses.Since the scope of the Buddha-nature doctrine is broad and my predecessors have discussed many of its aspects,I shall choose a special way of thinking as my core topic and focus on Zhiyi's traces of evil in Buddha nature and Jizang's middle-way Buddha nature.In addition to tracing their Buddha nature thoughts,I shall compare the similarities(negativity,compatibility) and differences(the representation of reality and the transcendence of language and perception,combination/separation) between their ways of thinking.