反思均衡、道德证明和融贯论

Reflective Equilibrium,Moral Justification and Coherence Theory

反思均衡是罗尔斯在《正义论》中所使用的证明方法之一,其基本理念是,我们应该实现在日常生活中所形成的深思熟虑的判断和正义原则之间的相互融贯,这种道德证明方法体现出鲜明的融贯论特征。罗尔斯的这种融贯论立场是建立在对功利主义和直觉主义提出批评并兼蓄二者之长的基础之上,并体现出了罗尔斯在道德证明问题上不同于传统的基础主义和自然主义的理解。

Reflective equilibrium is one of methods by which John Rawls attempts to justify our beliefs in A Theory of Justice.Its basic idea is that we should make our considered judgments and the principles of justice coherent.The method represents the distinct feature of coherence theory.This paper aims to argue that Rawls' coherence theory is based on his criticism on utilitarianism and intuitionism and the strength of utilitarianism and intuitionism.At the same time,Rawls' coherent thesis shows that he is different from fundamentalists and naturalists in understanding moral justification.