从反思平衡看维特根斯坦后期哲学

Exploring Late Wittgenstein's Philosophy from the Perspective of Reflective Equilibrium

以反思平衡视角审视维特根斯坦的《哲学研究》对"遵守规则悖论"的处理、对概念精确性与模糊性的考察,以及《论确实性》关于信念确实性的"哥白尼式革命"、对独断论和怀疑论的批判,可以发现:语言游戏规则或行为规则与特殊的语言游戏之间构成一种狭义的反思平衡关系,系列相互竞争的一般原则与特殊的生活实践之间构成一种广义的反思平衡关系。这些反思平衡基本符合源于罗尔斯的三个要求以及弗洛斯达尔提出的五大特征,此外还具有某种奇特性。

When we explore how Wittgenstein deals with the 'rule-following paradox' and analysis accuracy and ambiguity of concepts in Philosophical Investigations,and his 'Copernican revolution' about the certainty of belief,and criticism of dogmatism and skepticism from the perspective of reflective equilibrium in On Certainty,it can be seen that there is a narrow reflective equilibrium between the rules of language-game(or behaviour) and specific language-games,and a broad reflective equilibrium between series of competing general principles and specific normal practice.These two kinds of reflective equilibrium are in accordance with John Rawls' three basic requirements and the five characteristics proposed by Follesdal.Besides,they also have some peculiar properties.