超越与反叛——论王尔德唯美主义中“恶”的因素

Transcendence and Rebellion——the "Evil" Factors in Oscar Wilde Aestheticism

法国学者乔治.巴塔耶在《文学与恶》一书中提出了"纯洁的恶"的概念,英国的一代才子奥斯卡.王尔德作为19世纪中后期唯美主义思潮的最高代表,同样在其作品中着力表现了这种"恶"。宣扬享乐、渲染畸爱和赞美罪行构成了"恶"的内容范畴,而对变态美的极力铺陈则赋予了"恶"和谐的审美形态。"恶"是王尔德唯美主义内在的因素:既是他唯美主义思想内在的道德超越性追求的必然结果,也是他反叛社会虚伪道德的一种非理性的手段。"恶"很好地体现了王尔德唯美主义所蕴涵的超越与反叛的精神。

Georges Bataille, a French scholar, put forward the concept of ＂ pure evil＂ in his book Literature and Evil. Oscar Wilde, a great literary genius on his day in the United Kingdom, who has been regarded as the supreme representative of the Thought of Aestheticism, also focuses on describing this ＂evil＂ in his works. To advocate hedonism, to render deformed love and to praise crimes compose the content of ＂ evil＂. The strong expatiation of abnormal beauty gives ＂evil＂ the harmonious form of aesthetic. ＂Evil＂ is an inherent factor in the Thought of Aestheticism of Oscar Wilde-not only the inevitable result of inherent pursuit of transcending morality of his thought of aestheticism, but also an irrational means of his rebellion against the social moral hypocrisy. ＂Evil＂ is an excellent reflection of the spirit of transcendence and rebellion implicated in Oscar Wilde Aestheticism.