纤维素制备碳材料的工艺与机理研究

Technical research and mechanism on the preparation of carbon materials from cellulose

以纤维素作原料,利用水热碳化法,在一定的温度和压强下制备碳纳米材料。通过单因素实验考察了反应温度、反应时间对产物表观形貌的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对所得碳材料的微观形貌和表面生成的官能团进行表征与测试。结果表明:纤维素水热碳化的起始温度为230℃,290℃为最佳碳化温度;当T=290℃时,反应时间的延长可增大碳颗粒的球化趋势,而对粒径影响较小;经水热碳化制备的碳材料表面含有羟基、羰基和羧基等官能团。

Using cellulose as raw material, carbon nanomaterials were synthesized by means of the hydrothermal carbonization in certain temperature and pressure. The effects of various reaction parameters on superficial morphology,just as reaction time and temperature were evaluated. The microstructure and functional groups were characterized using infrared spectrometer（FT-IR）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The results showed that starting temperature of hydrothermal carbonization for cellulose was 230℃, and 290℃ was considered as the best carbonization temperature. At 290℃, the carbon particles trended to be spherical with increasing reaction time but had less influence on particle size; and functional groups（i, e. hydroxyl,carbonyl and carboxyl）were created on the surface of carbon materials.