不饱和脂肪酸在逆境胁迫中的作用

The role of unsaturated fatty acids in various environmental stresses

生物膜是将细胞与环境分开的第一道屏障,是环境胁迫造成损伤的主要位点。脂肪酸是生物膜的主要组成成分,不饱和脂肪酸在决定生物膜的生理特性中具有重要作用,增加脂肪酸的不饱和程度能增加膜脂的流动性。近年来,很多研究发现,生物通过脂肪酸脱饱和维持膜的流动性来适应外界环境变化。本文主要从不饱和脂肪酸在环境温度胁迫、盐胁迫、氧化胁迫、酸碱胁迫、干旱胁迫、乙醇胁迫及铝胁迫中的作用研究进展进行了综述。

Biological membranes are the first barrier that separates cells from the environment and are a primary target for damage during environmental stress. Fatty acids are the major components of cell membranes. Unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the biophysical characteristics of cell membranes. An increased degree of unsaturation increases fluidization of the membrane lipids. Recently, many researches proved that organisms usually maintain the fluidization of membrane by desaturation of the fatty acids to adapt to the environmental changes. This paper reviewed the recent progresses on the roles of unsaturated fatty acids in various stresses, such as environmental temperature stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, acid and alkaline pH tolerance, drought tolerance, ethanol tolerance and aluminum stress.