上海市三级甲等医院急诊科护士工作场所暴力情况与工作倦怠现状及相关性调查

Correlation between workplace violence situation and job burnout status among the emergency nurses of Shanghai grade A hospitals

目的探讨上海市三级甲等医院急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力情况与工作倦怠的现状及二者之间的相关性。方法采用医院工作场所暴力调查问卷与工作倦怠问卷对上海市两家三级甲等医院急诊科的150名护士进行工作场所暴力和工作倦怠两个方面的调查，并分析两者的相关性。结果急诊科护士遭受工作场所暴力发生率为65．3％；本组护士的情绪衰竭、个人成就感丧失维度得分分别为（19．56±6．63），（34．13±7．02）分，均高于常模的（22．19±9．53），（36．53±7．34）分，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为3．281，3．776；P〈0．01）；本组护士与常模去人格化倾向维度得分比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；遭受暴力组护士情绪衰竭、去人格化倾向维度得分分别为（20．13±8．65），（7．53±3．03）分，均高于未遭受暴力护士组的（17．57±7．12），（6．43±2．15）分，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为2．023，2．324；P〈0．05）；是否遭受暴力和年龄是情绪衰竭和去人格化倾向的影响因素，职称和年龄是个人成就感丧失的影响因素。结论急诊护士遭受工作场所暴力伤害可引起护士工作倦怠产生，采取减少暴力伤害的措施对减轻急诊护士工作倦怠是十分必要的。

Objective To explore the correlation between workplace violence situation and job burnout status among the nurses in emergency room of Shanghai grade A hospitals. Methods Questionnaire about the workplace violence and Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire were used to investigated 150 nurses who working in emergency room of Shanghai two hospitals. Results The incidence rate of workplace violence in emergency room was 65.35%. The average score of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment lose respectively were （ 19.56 ±6.63） and（34.13±7.02） ,and that of the norm respectively were（22.19±9.53 ） and （36.53 ± 7.34）, and the difference was statistically significant （ t = 3.281,3. 776, respectively; P 〈 0. 01 ）. No significant difference was found in depersonalization score between the nurses and the norm （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The average score of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of suffered hospital violence nurses were significantly higher than that of the nurses without hospital violence experience [ （20. 13 ± 8.65 ） vs （ 17.57 ± 7. 12）, （7.53 ± 3.03） vs （6.43 ±2. 15 ） ; t = 2. 023,2. 324 ; P 〈 0.05 ） ]. Analysis showed that age and workplace violence were the influencing factors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, age and the professional title were the influencing factors of personal accomplishment lose. Conclusions The workplace violence can increase the emergency nurses＇ job burnout, so it is necessary to take corresponding measures to reduce the damage of workplace violence in order to decrease the job burnout of nurses.