河南省淮河流域不同土地利用类型氮磷流失的特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss About Different Land Use Types of Huaihe River Basin in Henan Province

为了解河南省淮河流域农业面源污染特征,根据河南省淮河流域的地形地貌、降雨量、土地利用类型等因素,选择区域内有代表性的土地类型和试验点位,建立径流小区,通过测试连续2年的氮磷流失,分析不同土地利用类型径流水中氮磷浓度差异、氮磷流失量差异,并分析氮磷流失量与径流量和径流泥沙量的相关性。结果表明:土地利用类型不同氮磷流失存在明显差异,5种土地类型中种植蔬菜的土地氮的流失量最大,达10.21kg/hm2,种植花卉的土地磷的流失量最大,达3.98kg/hm2;地表径流中氮流失以溶解态氮为主要形式,磷的流失以吸附态磷为主要形式;氮磷流失量与径流量和径流泥沙量存在明显相关性。

In order to know the agricultural non-point source pollution characteristics oi Huaihe river basin in Henan province, representative land types and test points were selected and runoff plots were established according to the topography, rainfall and land utilization types of Huaihe river basin in Henan province. Two years consecutive tests of nitrogen and phosphorus loss experiment were conducted. Concentration difference and loss difference of nitrogen and phosphorus in different land use types were analyzed. Correlations between nitrogen and phosphorus loss quantity and runoff and sediment volume were also analyzed. The results show that it has obvious differences of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in different land types. In the 5 kinds of land types, the largest amount of nitrogen toss is 10.21 kg/hm2 in the land which plants vegetable, the largest amount of phosphorus loss is 3.98 kg/hm2 in the land which plants flower. Dissolved nitrogen is the main loss form in the surface runoff, and adsorption phosphorus is the main loss form. It has obvious correlation between nitrogen and phosphorus loss quantity and runoff.