不同形态磷肥的径流流失特征及其效应

Characteristics of Runoff Losses and Effects of Different Forms of Phosphate Fertilizer

采用野外径流小区方法研究不同形态磷肥的流失特征、流失量以及对氮钾元素的影响。结果表明,在磷的流失途径中,颗粒态磷(PP)占总磷(TP)流失量的61.6%～83.1%,是磷流失的主要途径;施用磷肥可以促进土壤对氮钾元素的保持能力,减少氮钾元素的流失;磷肥的施用提高了小油菜的产量,并促进了小油菜对氮钾元素的吸收;微晶化磷矿粉可以有效减少磷的流失,在等磷量下,微晶化磷矿粉中的磷流失量分别是过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥的54.2%和69.4%。在一定范围内,随微晶化磷矿粉施用量的增加,磷的流失量增加,但流失率减小,对促进土壤保持氮钾能力及小油菜对氮磷钾元素的吸收越明显。

Abstract： The characteristics of different forms of phosphorus losses and effects of different phosphorus on nitrogen and potassium were studied by field runoff plots. The results showed that the particulate phosphorus was the main way of phosphorus in the phosphorus loss pathways, comprising 61.6%- l% of total phosphorus. The application of fertilizer could promote soil＇s retention on nitrogen and potassium, reduce the losses of nitrogen and potassium. Phosphate fertilizer improved the rape yield and promoted on nitrogen and potassium absorption. The mierocrystalline rock phosphate powder could effectively reduce the losses of phosphorus, in the same phosphorus content, the loss phosphorus of microcrystalline rock phosphate powder accounted for 54.2 % and 69.4 % of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate. With the increase of phosphorus application amount, the loss of phosphorus was lower, the ability of soil to keep nitrogen and potassium and promoting the rape＇s absorption on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were more obvious.