近代中日词汇交流个例研究——“奇迹”词义的演变

A Case Study of Sino-Japanese Lexical Enchange:The Word History of “Qiji(奇迹)”

"奇迹"为miracle的翻译词,亦为中日同形词。本文对"奇迹"被近代中文容受的过程进行分析,并论证作为翻译词的"奇迹"受日语的影响而广泛使用的。古代汉语"奇迹"有几种语义,并不一定有当代性意义。日本早在19世纪70年代就出现近代意义的"奇迹",至少在19世纪80年代的时候已被普遍使用。20世纪以近代意义在中国得以使用的"奇迹"一词是从日语引进过来的一个语义性新词。

This paper analyses the process of how the modern Chinese term ＂qiji＂ for ＂miracle＂ was absorbed into the modern Chinese lexicon. Research shows that, as a term for ＂miracle＂, ＂qiji＂ was influenced by its use in modem Japanese and spread to Chinese language. In Old and Middle Chinese, ＂qiji＂ had several meanings besides miracle, and had no established one-to-one correspondence with the western or Christian concept. ＂Qiji＂ in its modern meaning appeared in Japanese missionary works in the 1870s, and acquired general use in the 1880s through its use in literary works and newspapers. In contrast, it was not until the 1920s that ＂qiji＂ was generally used in Chinese literary works as a kind of ＂semantic neologism＂ introduced from Japanese.