人口老龄化视角下家庭照料与城镇女性就业关系研究

On the Relationship between Family Care and Female Employment in Urban China from the Perspective of Population Aging

随着我国人口老龄化,女性在家庭劳动与职业劳动之间的角色冲突日益凸显。文章利用1991-2009年"中国营养与健康调查"(CNHS)数据及面板数据分析和工具变量方法,实证检验了老人家庭照料责任对城镇女性职业劳动参与决策的影响,以期为女性就业、养老政策的制定提供科学依据。研究发现,照料老人显著降低了女性的劳动参与率,尤其是长时间、高强度的照料活动。与无照料责任的女性相比,与父母(公婆)同住、有照料责任的女性劳动参与率将下降0.215;高强度照料活动对女性劳动参与的影响更大,劳动参与率将下降0.695。

As the population women between family labor and is aging in China, occupational labor is the role conflict of increasingly prominent. Based on the data of CHNS from 1991 to 2009, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the effect of parental care on urban female employment by panel data analysis and instrumental variables method, in order to provide a scientific basis for the policy-making of female employment and family sup- port for the elderly. It shows that elder care, especially long and high-intensity care, significantly reduces the probability of female participant in occu- pational labor. In comparison to women with no caring responsibility, the labor participant rate of women who live with their parents or parents-in-law and take the caring responsibility reduces by 0. 21S. High-intensity care has a greater effect on the probability of female participant in occupational labor which decreases by 0. 695.