中国部分地区婴幼儿喂养状况及国际比较研究

Study of the infant and young child feeding practice in some areas of China and across-country comparison

【目的】了解我国研究地区婴幼儿喂养现状,比较该地区与全球发展中国家的婴幼儿喂养水平,探索我国婴幼儿喂养中存在的问题。【方法】采用横断面调查设计和多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,使用联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)标准化问卷对我国中西部40个县3 708名2岁以下儿童看护人的喂养情况进行调查,分析世界卫生组织(WHO)2008年版《婴幼儿喂养评估指标》中的8个指标并与世界卫生组织2010年公布的46个发展中国家的数据进行比较。【结果】调查地区早开奶率、6个月以下儿童纯母乳喂养率、1岁和2岁时持续母乳喂养率均低于发展中国家平均水平,在47个国家中分别位列第34、39、44和45名。辅食及时添加率、辅食添加种类合格率位列前20%,辅食添加普遍过早。【结论】调查地区婴幼儿喂养中主要存在开奶不及时、母乳喂养伴随喂水、过早添加辅食和母乳喂养持续时间短的问题。加强健康宣教,传播喂养知识,对婴幼儿喂养状况的改善具有积极作用。

【Objective】 To study the situation of infant and young child feeding（IYCF） practice in research areas of China,to compare the IYCF indicators between research areas and other developing countries,so as to find out the existing problems in China.【Methods】 A cross-sectional study with three-stage stratified random sampling method was conducted,and totally 3 708 caregivers of children under 2 years old from 40 counties in central and western China were selected to investigate their feeding practices with standard questionnaire designed by UNICEF.8 indicators listed in the WHO document ＂Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practice＂ were analyzed and compared with the data of other 46 developing countries published by WHO in 2010.【Results】 The rates of early initiation of breastfeeding,exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months,continued breastfeeding at 1 year,and continued breastfeeding at 2 years in research areas of China,which were ranked 34,39,44 and 45 respectively in 47 countries,were lower than the average of other developing countries.The rate of introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods and minimum dietary diversity were ranked in top 20%,but the complementary feeding was generally too early.【Conclusions】 Great efforts should be made to improve early initiation of breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding in these areas.Also measures should be taken to change the practice of breastfeeding with water and early complementary food intake.Providing the knowledge of IYCF and health education should play an important part in improving infant and young child feeding practice in China.