铅污染对儿童血液生化及其智力的影响

Features of laboratory indexes and intelligence quotient in children whose parents exposed to lead

【目的】探讨铅污染对儿童健康的影响,为进一步做好预防儿童铅中毒工作提供科学依据。【方法】选某蓄电池厂子校父母一方铅暴露者(实验一组),父母未铅暴露者(实验二组)及对照组学生各61名配对。【结果】实验一、二组学生的血铅(PbB)、尿铅(PbU)、红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)显著高于对照组,而血红蛋白(Hb)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)显著降抵(P<0.01),表明长期铅暴露可引起学生体内铅蓄积量增加,干扰扑啉代谢和Hb合成。实验一组低智商检出率(14.75%)显著高于其它两组(P<0.01)。母亲铅暴露者智商(IQ)为98.59,低于父亲铅暴露者(IQ=101.91)和实验二组(IQ=105.20),并显著低于对照组(IQ=106.16,P<0.01)。【结论】长期铅暴露的儿童,血红蛋白有降低的趋势;同时铅暴露也是影响学生智力发育的危险因素之一,督促政府和社会给予铅污染对儿童健康影响以极大地关注,采取有效措施保护儿童身心健康。

【Objective】 To investigate the features of laboratory indexes and intelligence quotient（IQ） in children whose parents exposed to lead.【Methods】 The students aged 7 to17 years old were divided into three groups（61 for each group）：Group one（whose parents were exposed to lead）,group two（whose parents were not exposed to lead）.The two groups studied in a school nearby a battery factory.Control group was selected（whose age and gender were matched to the above group）.【Results】 Blood lead level（PbB）,urine lead level（PbU）,free erythrocyte porphyry（FEP） were higher and Hb,MCHC（Hb/PCV） were lower in group one and two compared with control group,which demonstrated that prolonged exposure to lead concentration may disturb the metabolic of porphyrin and hereby inhibit synthesis of haemoglobin.The frequency of low IQ was 14.75%,4.92%,4.92% in group one,group two and control group respectively.The average IQ in controls was 106.16,and 105.20 in control group and group two.However,in group one average IQ was 98.59 in children whose mother exposed to lead（n=16）,and 101.91 in children whose father exposed to lead（n=45）.【Conclusions】 Long term lead exposure may result in children＇s hemoglobin decrease and influence mental development in children.It is necessary for government and society to take effective measures to protect children＇s physical and mental health from lead pollution.