立法防治家庭暴力的五个基本理论问题

On the Five Basic Theories in Creating Anti-Domestic Violence Legislation

为实现减少和消除家庭暴力及保护受害人的目的,立法者应当对下列基本问题作出明确认定与释明:家庭暴力的区分界线与类型、主体与空间范围,公权力干预家庭暴力的正当性和可行性及干预原则,家庭暴力防治法的性质、立法模式。家庭暴力通常是指发生在亲属之间的较严重不当对待行为,提议引入"关联人"概念,将具有特定亲密关系人之间发生的暴力纳入家庭暴力。家庭暴力是有边界的,按一个理性人的判断,能够区分家庭暴力与家庭成员处理矛盾的合理行为之界线。为保护个体的人权,及时制止家庭暴力,公权力责无旁贷。家庭暴力防治法应明确积极干预、程序正当等原则。为克服现行法因欠缺防范家庭暴力和救助受害人的具体措施而难有成效之局限,我国应借鉴域外相关立法经验,制定单独的、综合性的家庭暴力防治法。

In the process of legislating against domestic violence in China, it is necessary for lawmakers to consider and identify several basic theoretical issues： the definition of family violence, the boundary and type of family violence, the reasonability and feasibility of public authorities to intervene in family life and the extent of involvement against domestic violence, the nature of the law against family violence, and legislative models. It is the state＇ s responsibility to stop domestic violence in order to protect human rights in private life. Family violence is the serious mistreatment of not only relatives, but also ＇ related persons＇, which means that violence by one person to another with a specific close relationship to the other party should also be identified as family violence. Domestic violence prevention acts should be based on need and take into account other legal experiences and models to create a single, comprehensive domestic violence prevention law.