《燕行录》资料反映的16-19世纪东北南部地区冬半年气温变化

The temperature changes of winter half year in the southern part of Northeast China during 16th-19th centuries: Base on records of Korean book Yanxinglu(燕行录)

朝鲜古汉籍《燕行录》,是历史上朝鲜使臣出使中国的见闻记录,保留有很多历史气候资料,十分宝贵。本文收集了19种《燕行录》中记载的16-19世纪东北南部地区河流封冻情况,并利用中国其它文献为补充,使用现代河流封冻资料为对照,逐年考订了当时河流封冻与现代河流封冻的距平情况,并得出封冻期的50年平均距平值。由于冬半年气温变化是影响河流冰情的关键因素,河流封冻情况的变化可很好地反映该区域冬半年温度变化情况。分析发现,在1500-1900年间,存在3个较冷的时期,其中16世纪上半期是400年中最冷的时期;存在2个较暖的时期,分别为18世纪下半叶和19世纪下半叶。而和20世纪的温度变化衔接分析,则500年间区域气温基本是上升的趋势。同时和中国其它区域以及欧洲的小冰期温度变化序列比较,在大的趋势变化和波动方面有一致性,但在时间上并不完全一致。表明区域间气候变化的复杂性。

The ancient Korean Chinese book Yanxinglu, which is a compilation of information recorded by Chosun Dynasty’s envoys to China in history, keeps much historic climate records. This paper collected the information of ice-covered river in the southern part of Northeast China during 16th-19th centuries recorded in nineteen Yanxinglu books, and used other Chinese historic records as supplement. By comparing the modern records of ice-covered river, the paper examined the anomaly of freezing up time year by year, and concluded that the average anomaly of 50 years could reflect the temperature change of this area in winter half year. It is found that there are three colder periods and two warmer periods from 1500 to 1900. Among these 400 years, the first half of 16th century is the coldest period, while both the second half of 18th century and 19th century are the warmer periods. Connected with the analysis of the temperature changes of the twentieth century, it can be concluded that the temperature during 500 years has an upward tendency on the whole. Meanwhile, compared with the temperature change series of other Chinese areas in the little ice age and the European series, the series of 16th-19th century goes in line with them in the trend of fluctuation in general, but is not in conformity in time exactly.