论曹魏都督辖区的形成及定型

Discussion about the formation and stereotypes of captaincy district in Wei Dynasty

汉末动乱,朝廷重设四征、镇等将军以统辖一方军事,并重置都督以督管诸军。曹氏执政,为统一事权,督军渐向都督诸州军事发展,并与四征、镇将军之辖区形成二级军区制。及曹魏中后期,司马氏执政,鉴于四征、镇将军事权过大,且与都督事权不一,乃分割诸征、镇将军辖区,令四征、镇并置,并另置四安、平将军及诸杂号将军分辖各区。这使得四征、镇等将军辖区渐渐向都督区靠拢。将军号的滥置使得其位阶性日强,事权性日弱。在晋代魏禅时,都督最终正式取代了四征、镇等将军,成为地方最高军事长官,而都督区制度也就此趋于定型。

At the late Han Dynasty , the government set four zheng or zhen general to govern military and set captaincy to govern army.When time came to Wei Dynasty , captaincy became to be add title of four zheng or zhen general.In late of Wei Dynasty , the Sima ’ break up the area of four zheng or zhen general ’, so the area of four zheng or zhen general ’ tend to be like the area of Captaincy. When Jin Dynasty replace Wei Dynasty , captaincy became the highest military officer at places , captaincy district came to be an stable institution.