中西文化调适中的前近代知识系统——美国国会图书馆藏《三才一贯图》研究

Pre-modern Knowledge System in the Acculturation between Chinese and Western Culture: a Case Study of Sancai yiguan tu (The Map of the Coherence of the World)) Preserved in Library of Congress

本文研究的是康熙年间吕抚所绘《三才一贯图》,探讨该图受到西方传教士影响较深的《天地全图》、《南北二极星图》这两幅分图及图序的内容。重点在于梳理两幅分图的知识系统,拟构它们与明末清初时期在华西方传教士所绘诸种地理图与天文图之间的关系,得出结论认为吕抚受南怀仁图的影响最大。此外,结合全图其它表现中国传统知识的内容,讨论中西两种知识体系如何在普通士人中实现榫接和重构。最后,从吕抚这幅图的丰富内容注意到"图"在历史时期的多样性,提出地图史研究应拓宽视野,打破现代学科界限的观点。

The current study is focused on a hybrid-style 18th-centurty map named Sancai yiguan tu 三才一贯图 （The Map of the Coherence of the World）, a drawing composed of over ten separate sub-maps, compiled by Lü Fu lived in mid-Qing Dynasty. The prolegomenon and two major sub-maps （the Sub-map of Earth and Heaven Map and the Star Chart of North and South Hemispheres） are especially indicative of the impact brought by the foreign missionaries and the consequent cultural amalgamation with the intention to conciliate between the traditional knowledge system and the western one. By tracing the sources he used and consulted, we can pinpoint that among an array of works, Ferdinand Verbiest’s maps exerted the greatest influence on the two major sub-maps. Furthermore, by analyzing those choices he made to fulfill his goal to present the inner coherence of the world, the process of how traditional Chinese literati absorbed and transformed western knowledge on their own initiative with great craft can be revealed. Lastly, the concept of Tu 图（graph, chart or map） in the pre-modern Chinese context can be further discussed, by doing so, a new horizon of the studies of traditional cartography can be appreciated by breaking through the disciplinary limitation caused by the division of modern knowledge system.