结合自然的中国传统山地园林设计方法研究——以清代静寄山庄为例

Chinese Traditional Mountainous Garden Design With Nature: A Case of Jingji Resort in Qing Dynasty

造园以山地最佳,中国古代山地园林因地制宜,在选址和造景等方面独具特色。该文以中国传统山地园林规划设计的典范之一——清代乾隆时期的天津蓟县静寄山庄为研究对象,在遗址调研、样式雷《盘山行宫内外地盘总绘全图》及相关历史文献研究基础上,从相地、布局、划界等方面对园林规划进行分析,并依据山形和水势对景点选址进行分类,进而根据"功能—场所—意境"的分析框架,对静寄山庄的景点营造的规律进行总结和归纳,可为中国传统园林的分析方法及当前山地环境中的景观规划设计提供借鉴参考。

In traditional China, the mountainous terrain is often regarded as ideal site for garden making. Traditional Chinese mountainous gardens possess characterized features in site selection and scenery making. This paper chooses Jingji Resort in Tianjin Jixian County, one of the most outstanding examples of traditional mountainous gardens in China, for a case study. Based on site investigation, old maps and other historical documents, the author analyzes the characters of garden making through site-selection, subarea-division and boundary-defining, and explores the classification of scenery location through mountain and wafer typology analysis, thus carrying out the ＂function-place-sense＂ concept to conclude the rules of scenery layout in mountainous garden. Findings from the study provide reference for analysis of traditional garden making and landscape design within mountainous environment in future.