2011年包头市320例射线接触人员染色体畸变情况分析

Chromosomal Aberrations Analysis on 320 occupationaly radiation exposed workers of Baotou City in 2011

目的对射线接触人员进行细胞遗传学监测,为我市射线工作人员的健康监护提供科学依据。方法对包头市2011年旗、县、区级医院及相关单位部分进行放射治疗、从事X线工作、工业探伤、医用同位素的320名射线接触人员和60名非射线接触人员,采用微量全血培养法进行外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变检测。结果从事放射治疗、医用X线、工业探伤、医用同位素的工作人员染色体畸变率分别为0.357%、0.325%、0.318%、0.306%,均明显高于对照组(0.043%),经统计学处理有统计学差异(P<0.01),其中放射工龄5～14年组高于其它3组(P<0.05),放射工龄25～36年低于其它3组(P<0.05)。结论不同射线对接触人群的健康均具有一定的辐射损伤效应,应加强射线接触人员的辐射防护工作。

Objective Observations of cell genetic toxic effects in occupation population, supply scientific basis of defendence from radiation. Methods 320 X-ray workers exposed to radiation in 2011 were selected as cases and 60 workers without X-ray exposed as controls. The workers were divided into groups according to the length of radiation service and type of radiation work. Chromosome were examined using the whole blood of tiny culture method. Results The chromosome aberration rates in the exposed workers of radiation treatment （0.357%）, nuclear medicine group （0.306%）, industrial X-ray detection group （0.318%）, and medical X -ray detection group （0.325%） were higher than that of the control group （0.043%）, each of which had significant difference. Compared with the length of service, aberration rate was highest in the workers served 5-14 years group and lowest in group of 25-36 years. The chromosome aberration rate has relationship with work ages and radiological species. Conclusion Occupationally exposed to radiation makes harmful effects on workers. It is necessary to enhance the denfensive measurements in radiological work and take more effective protections to improve the work＇s health.