尾矿库溃坝离心机振动模型试验研究

Centrifuge and Shaking Table Experiment on the Tailings Dam Failure

为研究强震作用下尾矿库溃坝动力反应及溃坝演化规律,在清华大学离心机上进行尾矿库溃坝自重加载条件下离心振动模型试验。试验采用离心场图像采集系统、非接触位移测量系统及动态注水系统,采用Kobe波作为地震输入,测量模型加速度、孔隙压力、面板应力变形、坝体位移及其发展变化过程。试验结果表明:地震输入条件下的模型加速度近似均匀分布,尾矿库浸润线的位置随着水位的升高而逐渐上升,孔隙压力增大使得尾矿库坝体强度降低,但在水平地震下,仍能保持稳定。在蓄水过程中,尾矿库坝体产生明显的变形,出现了局部滑坡,但在地震作用下产生的变形较小,并且应变反应波形较为一致,表明尾矿库结构模型地震反应的整体性较好,具有良好的抗震稳定性。

To study the effect of tailings dam failure under earthquake condition, the centrifuge and shaking table experiment on the tailings dam failure was carried out at Tsinghua University on the vibration loading conditions. Experiment model acceleration, pore pressure, panel stress and deformation, dam displacement and its development process were measured by the centrifugal field image acquisition system, non-contact displacement measuring system and all kinds of sensors with Kobe wave as seismic simulation input. The results show that tailings dam model acceleration is approximately uniformly distributed under the seismic conditions. The location of tailings dam saturated line rises gradually with the water level increased. The pore pressure increased makes the dam body strength drop. It is still able to maintain sta- bility under earthquake condition. In the water storage process, the railings dam body has a significant deformation and there has been partial landslide on it. Under the earthquake condition, the dam deforma- tion is not significant and the strain response waves are comparatively consistent, indicating that tailings dam structural model has the ability to maintain its integrity under earthquake condition and has good seis- mic stability.