普通小麦×八倍体小黑麦杂种F_1代与亲本的形态学、细胞学和超微形态比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Morphological,Cytology and Ultrastructural of F_1 Hybrids Crossing by Common Wheat and Triticales Secale

以普通小麦京冬8号为母本,八倍体小黑麦劲松5号为父本,杂交获得杂种F1代。在对杂种F1代和亲本进行形态学和细胞学鉴定的基础上利用扫描电子显微镜对亲本和杂种F1代的叶表皮及气孔亚显微形态进行比较,得知3种供试材料叶表皮亚显微形态共同的特征是有气孔器、长细胞和毛细胞,细胞排列与叶脉平行,但母本普通小麦的叶表皮细胞轮廓清晰,排列较为整齐、光滑,气孔排列呈直线,哑铃状的保卫细胞有长短不一的刺毛;父本八倍体小黑麦的气孔周围有横向和纵向排列的嵴状凸起,气孔呈长方形、较大,排列方式总体也呈直线型,保卫细胞非常明显,但刺毛极少且短;杂种F1代无论是叶表面还是气孔的亚显微形态都与父本更相似,所不同的是叶表皮有刺毛,气孔大小介于两亲本之间。杂种F1代与双亲在形态学、叶表皮及气孔超显微形态特征上均有明显差异;超显微形态学指标也可以作为区分、鉴定远缘杂种和亲本的一项依据。

With common wheat jingdong 8 as female parent and Triticales secale jinsong 5 as male parent, the hybrids F1 was obtained. On the basis of morphological and cytological identification of the hybrids F1 generation and parents, we compared the sub-micro-morphology of leaf epidermis and stomata of hybrids F1 and parents by the scanning electron microscope, and find several common features from these three tested materials that they all have stomata,long ceils and hair cells, and their cells are arranged in parallel with leaf vein. But to the female parent, Common Wheat jingdong 8, their leaf epidermal cells are all with clear outlines and array neatly and smoothly, their pores of array in a straight line, and the dumbbell-shaped guard cells have bristles of varying lengths;around the stomata of the male parent Triticales secale, ridge-like bulges are horizontally and vertically arrang-ed, the stomata are rectangular, in bigger size and are mainly arranged in straight line, and the guard cells is very obvious while its bristles are short and rare;the sub-micro-morphology of leaf epidermis and stomata of hybrids F1 are quite similar with its male parent. What is different is that the hybrids F1 has bristle on its leaf epidermis bristle, and the size of its pores is between the two parents. The F1 hybrids is quite different with its parents in uhrastructure morphological characteristics of morphology, leaf epidermal and stomata. Ultramicroscopic morphology index can be used to distinct and identify the hybrids and its parents.