乳腺上皮细胞微量元素转运机制研究进展

Research progress of trace element transport in the mammary gland

新生儿生长发育所需的微量元素主要从母乳中获得,微量元素参与了机体的许多生命活动,如酶的活性、细胞增殖及分化等。乳腺上皮细胞含有多种微量元素转运体系,如锌离子转运体系(Zip/ZnT)、铁离子转运体系(DMT1/FPN)和铜离子转运体系(Ctr1/ATP7)。在分泌乳汁的同时,这些转运蛋白对锌、铁、铜等微量元素的吸收、转运和分泌起着重要的作用。同时这些微量元素的转运及代谢受到多种因素的调控,使母乳中微量元素含量达到动态稳定,以满足新生儿生长发育各阶段对微量元素的需求。对近年来锌、铁、铜三种微量元素在乳腺上皮细胞内转运机制的研究进展进行综述。

The trace elements, which are required for the development of newborn infant are obtained from breast milk. Trace elements play important roles in numerous life activities, such as enzyme synthesis, cell mitosis and cell differentiation. Mammary epithelial cells have several mineral transport systems, which are essential for the absorption, transportation and secretion of zinc, iron and copper in mammary gland during lactation. For zinc, the transport is achieved by Zip/ZnT system. The iron transport is achieved by DMT1/FPN system, and the copper transport is achieved by Ctrl/ATP7 system. Mineral homeostasis in breastmilk is complex, involving coordinationof all these transporting systems. The transport and metabolism of minerals in mammary gland were elegantly regulated by complex physiological mechanisms, in order to meet the requirement of trace minerals for newborn infant in different developmental phases. This review described the progress of the transport mechanisms of zinc, iron and copper in mammary gland.