高原湖泊鱼类生长特性与形态差异研究

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES OF FISH IN PLATEAU LAKES

根据2009年8—11月洱海流域采集的2991尾鱼类样本,研究了其生长特性与形态差异。结果表明,洱海流域大部分鱼类表现为匀速生长或近匀速生长,但有两种鱼类(中华青、大理裂腹鱼)呈现强异速生长。肥满度以吃食性鱼类最高(鲫、鲤、团头鲂),滤食性鱼类次之(鲢、鳙)。对主要优势种——麦穗鱼、鲫的形态分析表明,洱海麦穗鱼、鲫种群与西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼、鲫种群在形态上均无显著差异。西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼种群之间以及鲫种群之间均存在种群间差异(C.D<1.28),其中茈碧湖、海西海两个湖泊的鲫种群在眼径/头长性状上的差异达到亚种水平(C.D=1.5)。

We studied the growth characteristics and morphological variation based on the 2991 fish specimens sam- pied in Erhai Lake basin from August to November in the year of 2009. The result indicated that most fish showed even-pace growth or nearly even-pace growth, among which two kinds of fish （Oryzias latipes sinensis, Schizothorax taliensis） showed the rapid growth. Non-filter feeding fish （Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpia and Megalobrama ambly- cephala） had the highest condition factor, and filter-feeding fish （Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis） took second place. Eight morphological characteristics （TL/BL, BD/BL, BW/BL, HL/BL, HD/HL, HW/HL, ML/HL, ED/HL） of four Pseudorasbora parva populations and four C. auratus populations were analyzed respectively. There was no signifi- cant difference between P. parva sampled in Erhai Lake and the others, so was C. auratus. But there were inter-population differences among three P. parva populations, which sampled in West Lake, Cibi Lake and Haixihai Lake respectively. So was C. auratus, and the difference coefficient of ED/HL between C. auratus sampled in Cibi Lake and Haixihai Lake was over 1.28 （1.50） reaching the subspecies level.