基于ArcView缓冲区分析的沾益县火源密度估算研究

Arciew based buffer analysis fire density estimation available for the case study of Zhanyi County,Yunnan

火源密度为火险等级预报和评估提供数据支持。将沾益县纸质地形图进行扫描、配准,利用R2V实现地形图屏幕矢量化,采用ArcView软件对研究区域的交通网、居民点分层数字化。以地形图数字化后的交通网、居民点图层为基础数据进行缓冲区分析,根据交通网和居民点不同距离设置不同火险指数值,以建立交通网和居民点基于火源密度的火险指数数据,通过叠加分析生成基于火源密度的火险指标图,并对该数据进行重分类,得到按等级划分的火源密度分布示意图。该方法数据容易采集、操作简便,可以实时完成火源密度估算和火险等级划分。

The paper is inclined to present an arc view based buffer analysis of fire density estimation available for Zhanyi County, Yunnan. As is known, fire density analysis can provide a data support for fire hazard rating forecast and assessment. By nature, it can be made to serve as a scientific means for fire prevention. The so-called fire density is nothing but the number of fire accidents that would likely take place in a certain unit area. In our paper, we have brought about the concept in accordance with the fire distribution. Statistically speaking, the magnitude of fire density can determine the fire scale. The classification of fire ranks can be summarized into three aspects： tccale of fire density, all of which are determined by numerous fac- tors, such as the population density, the distance of the residential areas, the density of traffic road networks, as well as the climatic factors. The application of remote sensing technology and satellitescanning image analysis can help to estimate the fire hazard rates from the analysis of the combustible, climatic and the residential conditions. The distribution information of fuel, climate and fire-hazard incidence rate can also be extracted and divided into ranks of the fire hazard distribution areas by using near-infrared wavelengths images to water heat distribution characteristics of the sensitive reaction. And, finally, according to the information gained in correspondence with the relevant combustibility, combustion environment and fire density, it is possible to determine the fire hazard rating comprehensively so as to compile a fire risk classification and distribution map. It is for this purpose, we have introduced a paper-made topographic map of the country, as the result of careful study of the satellite-scanning data and a monochrome large-format scanner that can match to the input of more control points so as to raise the appropriate precisions. And as the result of long-time and tremendous survey and analysis, we have established the corresponding fire indicator database on the fire densi- ty of transportation network and settlement location, and worked out a distribution map by grading fire indicators of fire density by means of a R2V software to realize the screen vectorization of topographic map. The method of data collection, calculation and estimation is easy to control and convenient for analysis so as for fire density estimation and fire hazard rating division to be accomplished in real time application.