行距与栽培年限对老芒麦鲜草及种子产量的影响

Influence of row spaces and planting years on yield of fresh grass and seeds of Elymus sibiricus

试验对30、45、60、75和90cm行距下,第2-5年老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)枝条性状、花序性状、鲜草产量及种子产量进行比较分析。结果表明,行距、年份及互作对枝条高度、枝条密度、生殖枝比例、小穗数/生殖枝、小花数/生殖枝、潜在种子产量、表现种子产量与实际种子产量均有极显著影响,其中行距是主要影响因子,互作次之,年份最小;30～45cm行距适合老芒麦鲜草生产,60cm行距是种子生产的最佳行距;鲜草产量、种子产量第3年达高峰,30和45cm行距第3年鲜草产量分别为19 225.6和16 733.4kg.hm-2,60cm行距第3年种子产量达1 620.67kg.hm-2,远大于其他处理组合,值得在生产中推广与应用。

In this study, influence of five row spaces （30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 cm） and 2 -- 5 cultural years on the characteristics of shoots, inflorescences, seed yield and grass yield of Elyrnus sibiricus were measured and analyzed by using a randomized block design. The results showed that row space, cultural year and their interaction all affected height and density of shoots, proportion of fertile tillers, spikelets/fertile tillers, florets/fertile tillers, potential seed yield, presentation seed yield and harvested seed yield signifi- cantly. The affected order from big to small was row space^interaction^cultural year. The row space of 30--45 cm was beneficial to fresh grass production, while the row space of 60 cm appropriated seed pro- duction. In the third year, the fresh grass yield was the highest with the values of 19 225.6 kg· ha-1 （30 cm） and 16 733.4 kg · ha-1 （45 cm） respectively. Yet seed yield was the highest in the row space of 60 cm with the value of 1 620.67 kg · ha-1. Therefore, forage production should be planted with the row space of 30--45 cm and seed production should be planted with the row space of 60 cm.