山东省主要种植模式调查与经济效益分析

Investigation on cropping patterns and their economic results of Shandong Province

采用问卷调查和调研的方式,对山东省的主要种植模式进行了详细调查研究。结果表明,山东有粮-粮、粮-经、粮-饲、经-饲等9种代表性的种植模式。每公顷年纯收入最高的前3种均为粮-饲种植模式,且饲草茬收入是粮茬的4倍以上,是收入的主要构成部分。其中经济效益最高的小麦(Triticum aestivum)+苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)轮作模式年纯收入40 725元.hm-2。经济效益最低的是小麦+玉米(Z.mays)的种植模式,该模式下的纯收入为12 486元.hm-2。产投比最高的前3种模式均为粮-饲种植模式,比值在2.76～3.03,最低的为粮-粮模式中的小麦+玉米模式,其产投比仅为1.66。各种植模式投入比例相对较高的为材料费用和人工费用,分别占30.0%～46.3%和20%～53%;管理费用所占比例最小,为18%～29%。总之,在各种植模式中产投比较高的种植模式为粮-饲型,可在山东省内尤其是中低产田中大面积推广草田轮作。

A detailed investigation on cropping patterns in Shandong province showed nine kinds of cropping patterns existed in Shandong province, they was conducted, the results were gram crop-grain crop,grain crop-economic crop, grain crop-forage crop, economic crop -forage crop and so on. The first three kinds of cropping patterns which had higher annual net income per hectare were grain crop-forage crop ro- tation mode, and the income of forage crops, the main components of the total income, was more than 4 times of the income of grain crops. In all these rotation modes, the economic benefit of wheatd-Sudangrass whose annual income per hectare was 40 725 yuan was the highest, The economic benefit of wheat-- corn was the lowest whose annual income per hectare was 12 486 yuan. The three highest output-input ratio modes were grain crop-forage crop pattern, whose ratio were 2.76--3.03. In all cropping patterns, material cost and labor cost accounted for a large part of total input, 30%--46.3% and 20%- 53 %, respectively management fee accounted for a minimum part, the proportion is 18%--29%. Above all, in all crop- ping patterns, grain crop-forage crop pattern had a higher output-input ratio, forage and crop rotation should be extended to increase farmers＇ income and promote the development of animal husbandry in Shan- dong province especially in low-middle-yield cropland areas.