“图式”概念的源流和应用

The Origin and Application of "Schema"

"图式"一词在美术类文献中经常被误用。本文旨在通过追溯"图式"的源流以及它在哲学、心理学、语言学和艺术史中的广泛应用来阐释其意义和重要性。"图式"是存在于记忆中的认知结构,是对事物的概括认识。"图式"最初通过遗传获得,之后则通过主体和客体之间的交流和不断被修正而发展。绘画中的"图式"概念虽然被赋予了具体的可视性形体,但它基本是一个"原型"的概念,这个"原型"具有很大的先验性和普适性。因此,把"图式"视为个性化的风格违背了其原本的涵义。

＂Schema＂ is often a misused word in the art world. This article aims to revisit the meaning and the significance of the term by tracing its origin and application in disciplines of philosophy, psychology, linguistics and art history. ＂Schema＂ exists as a cognitive structure in the memory and is a generic understanding of the world. ＂Schema＂ is first obtained through genetic, and later modified through interactions between subject and object. In art history, the term ＂schema＂ is given a visual form, but it is basically a concept of ＂prototype＂, which is transcendental and universal. ＂Iherefore, the usage of ＂schema＂ as an individual style is a contradiction to the original meaning of ＂schema.＂