达尔文与上帝的较量——从进化论进出美国教科书看知识准入教科书过程中的博弈

Contest between Darwin and God——The Game of Curriculum Contents From whether the Theory of Evolution Should Be Written into US Textbooks

在达尔文进化论究竟要不要进入教科书的世纪之争背后,折射出的却是知识准入教科书的复杂博弈过程。教科书的形成既不是对知识进行客观筛选的结果,也不是由支配集团单向独断、单方建构的过程,而是不同利益群体争相在教科书中获得话语权的博弈,其间充满了斗争与冲突,控制与反抗。最终,教科书的诞生,就是不同利益群体多次博弈后"妥协"的结果。但"妥协"总是暂时的,"妥协"终究会打破,因而有关进化论是否进入教科书的争论也就持续了近一个世纪之久,并且还将继续下去。

Whether the theory of evolution should be written into the textbooks reflects the process of gaming about inclusion of curriculum contents. Textbook is not the results of filtrating the knowledge equitably or is not the one-way controlled by the dominant groups. It is a game played by different groups. Concession is the optimal strategy employed by those conflicting groups, which leads to the fact that textbook is the result and reflection of conflicts and concession. However the concession is temporal and will be smashed in the end, so the argument about whether the theory of evolution should be written into the textbook has been for one century and will also continue forever.