新版《环境空气质量标准》热点污染物PM_(2.5)监控策略的思考与建议

Thinking and Advice on the Controlling Strategy of PM_(2.5) the Hot Pollutant in the New Ambient Air Quality Standard of China

随着工业化和城市化进程的加速,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由气溶胶细粒子PM2.5污染造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,中国东部地区灰霾天气迅速增加。灰霾天气的本质是细粒子气溶胶污染,与光化学污染相关联,形成灰霾天气的气溶胶组成非常复杂。近年来由于灰霾天气日趋严重引发的环境效应问题,以及气溶胶辐射强迫引发的气候效应问题,已引起科学界、政府部门和社会公众的广泛关注,成为热门话题。在此背景下,国家出台了新版《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012),增设PM2.5浓度限值,对环境监测、环境管理和环境评价提出了新的要求。通过分析中国大气污染背景、国际组织和其他国家的PM2.5标准,及近期热点问题,提出在环境监测、环境管理和环境评价过程中实施新标准,监控PM2.5的策略。

With the expansion of city scale and the acceleration of urbanization, atmospheric aerosol pollution becomes more and more serious. Occurrence of visibility degradation episodes by PM2.5 becomes more and more frequently, and the haze days increase rapidly in the eastern regions of China. The nature of haze weather is fine particle pollution that associated with photochemical pollution, resulting complex aerosol chemical composition. In recent years, the environment effects caused by the haze weather and climate effects caused by the aerosol radiative forcing have drew attention of scientific community, governments and the public. Under such situation, the government announced the new Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB 3095--2012） with PM25 standard added. These update bring about new demands for environmental monitoring, management and assessment. This article analyzed the situation of air pollution in China and PM2s standard of international organization and varies countries. Some recent hot topics are also discussed to provide suggestions for the implementation of PM25 standard in GB 3095--2012 and its controlling strategy during environmental monitoring, environmental management and environmental assessment.