1950-2009年乐山市传染病疾病谱变迁趋势分析

Changing Trend of Infectious Diseases Spectrum in Leshan,1950-2009

目的了解乐山市传染病的疾病谱变迁趋势,为政府制订防制对策提供科学依据。方法利用乐山市1950-2009年的传染病疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析传染病的疾病谱变迁趋势。结果传染病发病率20世纪50～80年代自然疫源性及虫媒居首位,90年代变迁为肠道占第1位,2000-2009年再变迁为呼吸道居首位;死亡率50～70年代儿童呼吸道占第1位,80～90年代变迁为自然疫源性及虫媒居首位,2000-2009年再变迁为血源及性传播占第1位。80年代以后儿童传染病得到有效控制,而肺结核、乙型肝炎、淋病、梅毒、HIV/AIDS等发病率呈大幅度上升。结论乐山市传染病防治形势仍然严峻,政府切实履行职能,加大传染病防控经费投入,提高专业机构疫情预测预报水平和对突发公共卫生事件的应急处理能力,是乐山市传染病防制的重要策略和措施。

Objective To understand the changing trend of infectious diseases spectrum in Leshan and provide scientific evidence for government working out strategies for prevention and control.Methods Data of the infectious diseases epidemic in Chengdu was analyzed by using the methods of descriptive epidemiology to get the changing trend of infectious diseases spectrum.Results From 1950＇s to 1980＇s,the top one incidence of infectious diseases was natural focal and insect-borne diseases,it changed to intestinal diseases in 1990＇s and to respiratory diseases from 2000 to 2009.The top one mortality of infectious diseases was respiratory diseases of children from 1950＇s to 1970＇s,it changed to natural focal and insect-borne diseases from 1980＇s to 1990＇s,and to blood and sexually transmitted diseases from 2000 to 2009.Infectious diseases of children were well-controlled since 1980＇s,but the incidence of tuberculosis,hepatitis B,gonorrhea,syphilis,HIV / AIDS,etc.increased significantly.Conclusion The situation of infectious diseases controlling is still urgent in Leshan.It is important for government to perform its functions effectively,increase the financial input of infectious diseases prevention and control,and improve the level of epidemic forecast and public health emergency response capabilities of professional bodies.