“部落问题”:日本边缘社会的文化困境

Tribe Issues:the Cultural Trouble of Japanese Brink Society

部落是被歧视部落的简称,是日本历史上被称为"秽多、非人"的人所聚集的村落。几百年来,由于身份制度,部落民挣扎在社会的最底层,在职业、婚姻等社会生活等各个方面都受到歧视。近代开端的明治维新虽然颁布了《解放令》,但是未能真正使部落民摆脱受歧视的处境。二战后,随着部落民自身解放运动的展开,日本政府也实施了一系列推动部落解放的措施,但部落歧视在人们的思想中依然存在。文章论述了部落的起源及其在各个时期的生存状态和为改变自身命运进行的不懈斗争,并重点剖析了日本部落问题在近现代依然存在的深层的历史文化原因。

Japanese Tribe is the shortened form of ＂Japanese discriminated group＂ which gathered in certain villages. For hundreds of yeas, they have lived in the bottom of society, taken the poor work, and been discriminated because of identity system in Japan. Although the Japanese government issued the liberating law in Meiji restoration, Japanese Tribes hadn＇t got rid of the discrimination. After the WWII, the government has implemented a series of measures with the movement of liberation, but Japanese Tribes are still discriminated. The article discusses the origin of Japanese Tribes, the status and their struggles against discrimination in different historical periods, and analyzes the historical and cultural reasons in highlight.