药物灭螺工程化管理模式及其现场应用评价

Engineering management mode of mollusciciding and assessment of its field application

目的建立药物灭螺工程化管理模式,评价其在现场应用中的控螺效果,为提高现场药物灭螺质量提供有效管理措施。方法按照＂因地制宜、科学规划、监理负责＂的原则,开展药物灭螺工程化管理,调查开展药物灭螺前、后钉螺分布并建立数据库,比较分析药物灭螺工程化管理模式的控螺效果。结果2006-2011年扬州市对6个县（区）96.27%（1 033/1 073）的有螺环境开展药物灭螺工程化管理。实施工程化管理模式后,药物灭螺环境钉螺死亡率由实施前的65.07%提高到87.16%（80.65%~89.38%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4 623.297,P=0）;其中灭螺环境有螺框出现率下降率、钉螺密度下降率和钉螺校正死亡率分别为57.67%（49.27%~66.98%）、76.67%（76.13%~83.66%）和86.58%（79.89%~88.89%）,分别是实施工程化管理模式前的1.45、1.63倍和1.37倍。扬州市实施药物灭螺工程化管理模式3年后消灭了感染性钉螺,6年后全市有螺条块、钉螺面积、有螺框出现率、钉螺平均密度分别下降了56.27%、76.40%、67.99%和66.67%。结论高质量的灭螺药品是确保药物灭螺效果的基本要素,药物灭螺工程化管理模式是提高现场药物灭螺质量的有效管理措施。

Objective To establish the engineering management mode of mollusciciding,and assess its snail control effect in field application,so as to provide the effective management interventions for improving the quality of mollusciciding in the field.Methods Engineering management of mollusciciding was performed.The snail distribution was surveyed before and after snail control with molluscicides and environmental modification,and the database was established.The snail control effect of the engineering management mode of mollusciciding was assessed.Results Engineering management mode of mollusciciding was conducted in 96.27%（1 033/1 073） of the total snail habitats in 6 counties（districts） of Yangzhou City from 2006 to 2011.After the implementation of engineering management mode,the mortality of snails increased from 65.07% before implementation to 87.16%（80.65%-89.38%）,and significant difference was observed（x2= 4 623.297,P=0）.The reductions in occurrence rate of frames with snails and snail density and the corrected mortality of snails were 57.67%（49.27%-66.98%）,76.67%（76.13%-83.66%） and 86.58%（79.89%-88.89%）,respectively,which were 1.45,1.63 times and 1.37 times more than those before implementation.After the implementation of engineering management mode of mollusciciding for 3 years in Yangzhou City,all infected snails were eliminated.After 6 years of implementation,the number of settings with snails,snail areas,occurrence rate of frames with snails,means snail density decreased by 56.27%,76.40%,67.99% and 66.67%,respectively.Conclusions High-quality molluscicide is the essential factor to ensure the molluscicidal effect,and engineering management mode of mollusciciding is an effective approach to improve the quality of snail control with molluscicides in the field.