“行不行”的固化及认知研究

On Consolidation and Cognition of“Can or Not”

"行不行"在现代汉语中可表疑问、征询、祈使、感叹、反驳等语气,这些句法功能的不同,与其句法分布由句内—句外—固化的演变有关,"行不行"已不仅仅是一个疑问标记,还是一个多功能标记。"行不行"的发展过程,也是一个"主观化"过程,由命题成分变为话语成分,由客观意义变为主观意义等,随着语法化程度的不断加深,"行不行"的疑问功能渐渐削弱,逐渐固化为祈使、感叹和话语标记。"行不行"能用于正反问句,与"行"表"可以"情态义的出现紧密相关,伴随着"行不行"的语法化,"行不行"的固化也有词汇化的因素。

＂Can or Not＂ can show tones such as questioning, consulting, imperative, exclamatory, refutatory and so on in modern Chinese. These differences in syntactic function are connected with their syntactic distribution from the sentence in-sentence out-evolution of the consolidating development. It has become not only a questioning marker but also a multi-functional marker. The development of ＂Can or Not＂ is also a process of subjectification evolving from propositional component to a discourse component and from objective significance to subjective significance and so forth. With the development of the grammatiealization, its questioning function is gradually weakened and the function of imperative, exclamatory and discourse marker gradually solidified. ＂Can or Not＂ can be used for positive and negative questioning, which is closely related to the emergence of modal meaning in which ＂can＂ means ＂may＂ . With the grammaticalization of ＂Can or Not＂, there exist some factors of lexicalization in the consolidation of ＂Can or Not＂ .