中国特殊教育学校教师队伍状况及地区比较——基于2001-2010年《中国教育统计年鉴》相关数据

The Current Situation and Local Comparisons of Teachers from Special Education Schools in China

本研究主要基于2001-2010年以来《中国教育统计年鉴》中的相关数据,从教师数量、素质、结构及稳定性方面对中国特殊教育学校教师状况进行分析研究。主要结论一是,从全国来看,特殊教育学校教师队伍不断壮大,为残疾儿童受教育权利的实现提供了师资保障;特殊教育学校教师素质不断提高,2010年专科以上教师学历接近九成,中级以上职称接近六成;女教师是特殊教育事业的核心力量,2010年女教师占特殊教育学校教职工人数比例为67.67%;特殊教育教师队伍数量稳定增长,但每年变动不断,"调入"与"调出"为增加与减少教师的主要方式。主要结论二是,从地区来看,地方特殊教育学校教师数量、地方平均每所特殊教育学校拥有专任教师数、特殊教育学校教职工数与代课教师的比三个指标在东、中、西部均呈递减状态;地方特殊教育学校女教师占教职工人数比例均值东部最高,西部其次,中部最低。

This study, based on the data （2001-2010） from China Education Statistics Yearbook, makes an evidence-based analysis of the current situation of the teachers from China＇ s special education schools in terms of the teachers＇ quantity, quality, structure and stability. The results show the following： （1） there is a growing number of special education teachers nationwide, ensuring that disabled children enjoy the right to education; special education teachers show a growing caliber： nearly 90 percent of them held an academic degree at or above junior college level and nearly 60 percent of them had a professional title at or above intermediate level in 2010; women teachers, who serve as the core of special education, accounted for 67.67 percent of special education teachers in 2010; and special education teachers increase steadily but change annually （mainly by being trans- ferred to different places）. （2） In the eastern, central and western regions of China, there is a progressive de- crease in the quantity of local special education teachers, the average quantity of full-time teachers in each local special education school, and the ratio of special education school staff members and substitute teachers; in the eastern, western and central regions, there is a progressive decrease in the average proportion of female teachers in the total number of local special education school staff members.