真菌线粒体基因组计划的研究进展

Advances in fungal mitochondrial genome project

线粒体基因组是真菌等生物的一个鉴定和分类的遗传标志，对系统发生分析有重要的意义。近年来加拿大学者提出了真菌线粒体基因组计划。真菌线粒体基因组均为闭合环形双链DNA，基因组的大小为10Kb～80kb，通常包括编码呼吸链亚基的基因、编码ATP合成酶复合物亚基的基因、编码核糖体RNA的基因和tRNA基因。真菌线粒体基因组具有丰富的多态性，可以作为真菌不同物种的DNA指纹用于鉴别，并且可对病原真菌进行科学的分类和亲缘分析。

Mitochondrial genome is a genetic marker for the identification and classification of fungi, and is also of great value to phylogenetic analysis in fungi. Canadian researchers have introduced the term of Fungal Mitochondrial Genome Project （FMGP） recently. Fungal mitochondrial genomes, which are closed circuar DNA ranging from 10 to 80 kb, usually include respiratory chain subunit gene, adenosine triphosphate （ATP） synthase complex subunit gene, ribosomal RNA and tRNA genes. Further more, fungal mitochondrial genomes are pleiomorphic and can serve as the DNA fingerprint of different fungal species in fungal discrimination, as well as in the classification and phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic fungi.