婴儿湿疹相关风险因素调查分析

Analysis on Risk Factors of Infantile Eczema

目的了解接种疫苗后婴儿湿疹(IE)的相关风险因素。方法通过问卷调查方法对婴儿预防接种人群中IE相关因素进行分析,并对其皮肤的糠秕马拉色菌和细菌定植进行检测。结果 IE组和对照组各纳入30例。接触多尘或花粉,IE组明显低于对照组(P=0.000);喂养方式,IE组母乳喂养比率明显高于对照组(P=0.015);接种疫苗后出现皮疹,IE组高于对照组(P=0.028);糠秕马拉色菌镜检,IE组面部及背部糠秕马拉色菌阳性率均高于对照组(P=0.020);IE组皮损细菌培养阳性率明显高于对照组(P=0.001),且金黄色葡萄球菌培养阳性率也明显高于对照组(P=0.020)。以上差异均有统计学意义。结论接种疫苗有不良反应(尤其是有皮疹出现),经常接触粉尘或花粉等吸入性变应原、金黄色葡萄球菌和糠秕马拉色菌的皮肤定植等因素可能与婴儿湿疹有关。

Objective To explore the risk factors of infantile eczema （IE） after vaccination. Methods Questionnaire survey was adapted to analyze the factors of IE in the vaccinated infant; Cutaneous Malasseziafufrur were test under microscope and bacterial were cultivated. Results Totally, sixty infant had finished the investigation, among which thirty were with IE. Compared with the healthy infants, IE infants contacted less with dust or pollen indoor or nearby house （P = 0. 000）. About feeding patterns, there were significantly higher rate in IE infants withbreast feeding than that in healthy infant （P = 0. 015 ）. After received vaccination, There were higher frequency in IE infants emerging rash than that in healthy infant （ P = 0. 028 ）. Also, there were significantly higher positive ratios of microscopic test of Malassezia fuoCur on their face and back （ P = 0. 020） and of bacterial culture in IE infants than those in healthy infants （ P = 0.001 ）, including pos- itive ratio of staphylococcus anreus culture （P = 0. 020）. Conclusion Adverse reaction to vaccination （ especially emerging rash）, contacting with dust and pollen aeroallergen, skin-cloning of Malassezia furfur and bacterial （ especially Staphylococcus Aureus） could be relative risk factors of IE.