1Schidt, H.G., Moust. J. H. C. (2000),Factors affecting small - group tutorial learning: A review of research, p28.
2Hmelo, C.E. Problem - based learning: Development of independent thinking and learningskills: A study of medical problem - solving and problem - based learning. New York: Simon& Schuster Macmillan, 1996. p173 - 182.
3Dorothy H.E., Cindy E. H, (2000) Problem - Based Learning: A Research Perspective onLearning Interactions, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. p66 -68.
4Hmelo, C. E., Gotterer, G. S., & Bransford, J. D. (1997).A theory- driven approachto assessing the cognitive effects of PBL, Instrntional Science, 25,387 -408
5Schmidt, H. G., Dauphinee, W. D., & Patel, V. L. (1987)Comparing the effects ofproblem- based learning and conventional curricula in an international sample. Journal ofMedical Education, 62,305 - 313.
10Mansoor Niaz. How to Facilitate Students' Conceptual Understanding of Chemistry?. A History and Phi- losophy of Science Perspective [J]. Chemical Education International, 2005, 6 (1).. 1--5.