自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员不同姿势落地缓冲的生物力学机制研究

Biomechanics Mechanism of Landing Buffer for Freestyle Skiing Aerials Athletes

自由式滑雪空中技巧项目的落地所受冲击力较大,危险性较高。为减少运动员落地时造成损伤,提高动作的落地稳定性,采用瑞士KISTLER测力台和2台美国TROUBLESHOOTER高速摄像机,同步对6名国家自由式滑雪空中技巧男子运动员在50cm高度下以正常姿势落地和全脚掌落地缓冲实验,分析缓冲时间、标准力值、力值变化梯度、压力中心、人体倾斜角以及下肢关节角度等变化情况。结果表明,50cm高度下最大冲击力全脚掌为正常落地的1.44倍,极有可能造成人体损伤;压力中心前后方向上较小;人体倾斜角较大,说明产生的翻转力矩较小,故稳定性方面较好。

The force of Landing for Freestyle Skiing Aerials Athletes is very large, which is dangerous for the athletes. The aim of this paper was to prevent the damage on the athletes and improve their Landing stability. The instruments of this paper were shown below. Switzerland KISTLER force platform and 2 American TROUBLESHOOTER high-speed cameras worked synchronously. 6 Freestyle Skiing Aerials fell onto the ground from the height of 50cm with the posture of normal and whole sole. The landing buffer time, standard force values, gradient force value, center of pressure, body slant angle and the changes of lower limb joint angles were analyzed. The maximal impact force of landing under the height of 50cm was s 1.44 times larger than normal landing, which was probablt to get the athletes injured. The central pressure of front and back direction was smaller. The body slant angle was larger and the turning torque smaller, and therefore the body stable.